presse des jeunes dumercredi 29 septembre 2021

Des batteries enfin recyclables !




Avec le déploiement à grande échelle des véhicules électriques, le recyclage des batteries lithium-ion en fin de vie va rapidement devenir un enjeu majeur. La semaine dernière, Ford annonçait son investissement dans le secteur. Et aujourd’hui, des chercheurs présentent une technologie qui devrait aider le processus à devenir enfin rentable.

Aujourd’hui, les batteries lithium-ion sont partout. Dans nos ordinateurs portables et dans nos smartphones. Dans moins d’une décennie, les experts prévoient que pas moins de deux millions de tonnes de ces batteries en fin de vie seront sorties de nos véhicules électriques chaque année. Pourtant, les procédés de recyclage restent imparfaits. Les métaux qu’ils permettent de récupérer ne gardent que très peu de valeur.

Mais la donne pourrait changer. Grâce à des chercheurs du ReCell Center (États-Unis), un centre de recherche et de développement dédié au recyclage des batteries. Ils présentent aujourd’hui une technique innovante qui permet de séparer les matériaux précieux qui composent la cathode de ces batteries lithium-ion. Le tout en s’appuyant sur la flottation par moussage. Un procédé déjà utilisé pour séparer les matières hydrophobes – qui n’aiment pas l’eau – des matières hydrophiles qui, au contraire, aiment l’eau.

Un procédé ancien appliqué au recyclage des batteries

L’industrie minière utilise depuis longtemps la flottation par moussage pour purifier les minerais. Ceux qui repoussent l’eau flottent, les autres coulent. Les matériaux qui composent une cathode de batterie lithium-ion – comme l’oxyde de lithium nickel manganèse cobalt (NMC111) ou l’oxyde de lithium manganèse (LMO) -, généralement, coulent. Mais les chercheurs ont découvert que leur séparation peut être obtenue en faisant flotter l’un d’eux, le NMC111. Comment ? En y introduisant un élément hydrophobe.

Le matériau cathodique ainsi recyclé ne perd pas en performances et conserve un niveau de pureté élevé. De quoi envisager de réduire les coûts du recyclage des batteries lithium-ion tout en stimulant la croissance du marché du recyclage de batteries en fin de vie et en réduisant les coûts des véhicules électriques. Mais ce n’est là pour l’instant que l’une des étapes d’un processus qui devra être rentable dans son ensemble. Les chercheurs ont encore du travail pour en arriver là.

Par S@int-Scribe.

Source: Futura Science.




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